Thursday, March 31, 2011
Wednesday, March 30, 2011
Are You Having Acute Radiation Syndrome?
First and foremost, you have to be exposed to high dose of radiation for us to consider the possibility that you are suffering from Acute Radiation Syndrome.
Acute Radiation Syndrome was observed among survivors of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombs in the 1940s. It was also observed among rescuers and firefighters involved in the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in 1986.
If you have undergone x-ray diagnostic procedures (say, chest x-ray) the dose remains low even if the procedure was done repeatedly several times a month.
But if you have been undergoing radiotherapy for cancer. You may have experienced bouts of Acute Radiation Syndrome.
Surface radiation wherein the radiation was limited from penetrating the internal organs by cloth or skin are not likely to contribute to Acute Radiation Syndrome.
The person purported to be experiencing Acute Radiation Syndrome must also have exposure of the entire body, or most of it and the exposure was limited to a short time (minutes).
Victims and survivors who have experienced definitive exposure to radiation will experience nausea, vomiting, headache and even diarrhea within several minutes from exposure. The symptoms may resolve spontaneously only to come back unexpectedly after several minutes, hours or months.
Those exposed may also have skin problems like sun burn. It may become itchy, dry and scaly. Hair loss (like cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy) may also happen.
If the symptoms resolve full recovery can be expected for several months up to 2 years.
The duration and intensity of exposure is a good measure of prognosis. Patients who never experienced recovery are likely to die due to destruction of the bone marrow with ensuing secondary infection.
If you think you are experiencing possible Acute Radiation Syndrome, hasten to the nearest medical facility,
Acute Radiation Syndrome was observed among survivors of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombs in the 1940s. It was also observed among rescuers and firefighters involved in the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in 1986.
If you have undergone x-ray diagnostic procedures (say, chest x-ray) the dose remains low even if the procedure was done repeatedly several times a month.
But if you have been undergoing radiotherapy for cancer. You may have experienced bouts of Acute Radiation Syndrome.
Surface radiation wherein the radiation was limited from penetrating the internal organs by cloth or skin are not likely to contribute to Acute Radiation Syndrome.
The person purported to be experiencing Acute Radiation Syndrome must also have exposure of the entire body, or most of it and the exposure was limited to a short time (minutes).
Victims and survivors who have experienced definitive exposure to radiation will experience nausea, vomiting, headache and even diarrhea within several minutes from exposure. The symptoms may resolve spontaneously only to come back unexpectedly after several minutes, hours or months.
Those exposed may also have skin problems like sun burn. It may become itchy, dry and scaly. Hair loss (like cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy) may also happen.
If the symptoms resolve full recovery can be expected for several months up to 2 years.
The duration and intensity of exposure is a good measure of prognosis. Patients who never experienced recovery are likely to die due to destruction of the bone marrow with ensuing secondary infection.
If you think you are experiencing possible Acute Radiation Syndrome, hasten to the nearest medical facility,
Tuesday, March 29, 2011
Allaying Radiation Fears
Every waking day after the Japan earthquake and tsunami, the world is transfixed on the development surrounding the increasing radiation levels seeping through the damage nuclear reactors around the epicentre of the earthquake.
From calm, cautious pronouncements of no leakage to confirmation of increasing radiation levels among exposed workers trying to repair the damage, the situation seemingly has turned for the worse.
As of this writing, the Japan Nuclear Safety and Industrial Agency reported radiation levels of up to 10 million times the norm found in the water inside a reactor at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station. This has prompted the evacuation of workers in order to avoid a catastrophic meltdown at the complex.
Air levels in the surrounding area reportedly have radioactivity levels four times the normal.
Earlier last week, the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, the American Thyroid Association, The Endocrine Society, and the Society of Nuclear Medicine made a joint declaration to allay fears of the public regarding radiation exposure.
They advised the public to stay calm and avoid unnecessary hoarding of potassium iodide, a preventive measure to keep radioactive isotopes from reaching the thyroid gland.
The thyroid gland can be found in front of the throat. It is responsible for much of the body’s metabolic function. It has a propensity to absorb iodine of whatever form. Exposure to radioactive iodine can lead to its accumulation leading to cancer.
They also advised the public to be vigilant and take potassium iodide only upon doctor’s advise or the order of public health officials.
Radioactive iodine has a half life of eight days and decay naturally within weeks. However, when ingested the toxic materials can accumulate in the human body. Most affected are young people and children once exposed. The joint declaration also highlighted the fact that adults over age 20 years old have negligible risks.
As precautionary measure the United States Food and Drug Administration issued Import Alert 99-33 or better labeled as "Detention Without Physical Examination of Products from Japan Due to Radionuclide Contamination".
More than five-fold increase in radioactive material levels was found among contaminated food around the damaged Japan prefecture.
Importation of food from Japan including seaweed should be in place to protect the public. Seafood are like sponges for these reactive materials. High concentration can be detected for a prolonged period of time.
The Pacific territories of the United States of America are more proximate to Japan. But with their reliance to the catch of local fishermen for food, the risk from such material remains to be properly documented.
Everyone should refrain from instigating panic and spread of rumors that can adversely affect food supply and consumption. The public should await the Health Department for updates soon.
Monday, March 28, 2011
Death and Debt for Diabetes (Part 3)
There is no escaping the economic crisis for patients with diabetes. Many diabetic patients are either unemployed or have lost their jobs. As such the employment benefits might also be lost together with it. Some might have limited resources provided by their loved ones. But this are soon exhausted.
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| Strips for Stripped Diabetics http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2045/ |
Measures that can be taken includes taking generic counterparts of branded ones. Generic drugs are considered equal based on terms and conditions of government regulatory bodies. They are usually marketed after patents of the brand and proprietary holders expire. In developed countries like Canada and Denmark the use of generic drugs amount to 40% of sales in the pharmaceutical industry. It is ironic then that it is in the developing countries where the branded drugs slug it out with gusto while the generic counterparts are tailing with all the crumbs left.
Sulfonyl and Metformin medications are old but reliable medications to treat Type 2 Diabetes. They are just two of several generic drugs that are readily available in the mainstream market.
Halving of drugs are a common practice done by patients and their families to cut costs. This is unacceptable to many people especially doctors but it is actually recommended by Dr. Anne Peters the University of Southern California Director of the Clinical Diabetes Programs for such purpose.
My father was on insulin medication all throughout his debility. Although the pre-mixed type and analogs have been around the market for some time, we have always treated him with the NPH and Regular forms that provide us with enough savings even when it costs a lot in the first place.
Monitoring of blood sugar level also requires shelling out of more cash. This includes expenses for strips and its reading device (glucometer). It is recommended to have a scheduled testing both for oral antidiabetic medicine takers and insulin users. This does not have to be daily nor done multiple times per day.
A healthy lifestyle is imperative whether there is crisis or none. Aside from proper diet and exercise are key to maintaining the diabetic patient’s health. They are afterall pleasurable and inexpensive.
Sunday, March 27, 2011
Death and Debt for Diabetes (Part 2)
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| $60 Down the Drain http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2390/ |
The more common type of Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (Non-insulin Dependent), rear its ugly head during a patient’s productive years. Aside from its direct impact on the person’s health, the expenses generated to maintain the health of the person with diabetes can actually drain his/her resources. Any savings can be wiped out by treating diabetes and its complications.
Although local data on actual costs of treating diabetes is not available, treating it has raised even the alarm for years in more affluent countries owing to its high economic toll. Consider this data from the American Diabetes Association:
- The total annual economic cost of diabetes in 2007 was estimated to be $174 billion
- Medical expenditures totalled $116 billion and were comprised of $27 billion for diabetes care, $58 billion for chronic diabetes-related complications, and $31 billion for excess general medical costs.
- One out of every five health care dollars is spent caring for someone with diagnosed diabetes, while one in ten health care dollars is attributed to diabetes.
-Indirect costs resulting from increased absenteeism, reduced productivity, disease-related unemployment disability, and loss of productive capacity due to early mortality totaled $58 billion. This is an increase of $42 billion since 2002. This 32% increase means the dollar amount has risen over $8 billion more each year.
- In 2007, diabetes accounted for 15 million work days absent, 120 million work days with reduced performance, 6 million reduced productivity days for those not in the workforce, and an additional 107 million work days lost due to unemployment disability attributed to diabetes.
- Diabetes caused 445,000 cases of unemployment disability in 2007.
- The value of lost productivity due to premature death related to diabetes is $26.9 billion.
The American Diabetes Association admitted that the actual national burden may just exceed the $174 billion estimate when intangible social costs such as pain and suffering, unaccounted costs of unpaid caregivers (family members taking care of their diabetic patient), and many other excess medical costs of undiagnosed diabetes.
People with diabetes are hounded in all spheres of their lives with debt owing to expenses incurred in keeping them tipped on the healthier side. Although people with diabetes account for around 6% of the US population, the medical expenditures they incur are approximately 2.3 times higher than those without diabetes. In the hospital setting, $58.3 billion was spent on inpatient hospital care and $9.9 billion on physician’s office visits directly attributed to diabetes.
Treating chronic complications of diabetes such as peripheral vascular, neurological, cardiovascular, renal, ophthalmic, and many others have an average cost for a hospital inpatient day at $2,281. Overall, the total diabetes-related hospitalizations totalled 24.3 million days in 2007, an increase of 7.4 million from the 16.9 million days in 2002.
It cannot be argued that these data are untranslatable to other countries. The reality dictates that local figures may just be bigger. Diabetes is in fact a lifestyle disease, hereditary and ethnically-inclined wherein Asiatics are more predisposed than what the US data accounts for.
Saturday, March 26, 2011
Radiation Risks to Health
A Joint Statement from the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists,
the American Thyroid Association, The Endocrine Society,
and the Society of Nuclear Medicine
The recent nuclear reactor accident in Japan due to the earthquake and tsunami has raised fears of
radiation exposure to populations in North America from the potential plume of radioactivity crossing
the Pacific Ocean.
The principal radiation source of concern is radioactive iodine including iodine-131, a radioactive isotope that presents a special risk to health because iodine is concentrated in the thyroid gland and exposure of the thyroid to high levels of radioactive iodine may lead to development of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer years later.
During the Chernobyl nuclear plant accident in 1986, people in the surrounding region were exposed to radioactive iodine principally from intake of food and milk from contaminated farmlands. As demonstrated by the Chernobyl experience, pregnant women, fetuses, infants and children are at the highest risk for developing thyroid cancer whereas adults over age 20 are at negligible risk.
During the Chernobyl nuclear plant accident in 1986, people in the surrounding region were exposed to radioactive iodine principally from intake of food and milk from contaminated farmlands. As demonstrated by the Chernobyl experience, pregnant women, fetuses, infants and children are at the highest risk for developing thyroid cancer whereas adults over age 20 are at negligible risk.
Radioiodine uptake by the thyroid can be blocked by taking potassium iodide (KI) pills or solution, most importantly in these sensitive populations. However, KI should not be taken in the absence of a clear risk of exposure to a potentially dangerous level of radioactive iodine because potassium iodide can cause allergic reactions, skin rashes, salivary gland inflammation, hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism in a small percentage of people.
Since radioactive iodine decays rapidly, current estimates indicate there will not be a hazardous level of radiation reaching the United States from this accident. When an exposure does warrant KI to be taken, it should be taken as directed by physicians or public health authorities until the risk for significant exposure to radioactive iodine dissipates, but probably for no more than 1-2 weeks. With radiation accidents, the greatest risk is to populations close to the radiation source.
While some radiation may be detected in the United States and its territories in the Pacific as a result of this accident, current estimates indicate that radiation amounts will be little above baseline atmospheric levels and will not be harmful to the thyroid gland or general health.
We discourage individuals needlessly purchasing or hoarding of KI in the United States. Moreover, since there is not a radiation emergency in the United States or its territories, we do not support the ingestion of KI prophylaxis at this time. Our professional societies will continue to monitor potential risks to health from this accident and will issue amended advisories as warranted.
iOSAT Potassium Iodide Tablets, 130 mg (14 Tablets)
Dominique Delbeke, MD, PhD
SNM President
George Segall, MD
SNM Vice-President
Frederic Fahey, DSc
SNM Vice-President Elec
iOSAT Potassium Iodide Tablets, 130 mg (14 Tablets)
Dominique Delbeke, MD, PhD
SNM President
George Segall, MD
SNM Vice-President
Frederic Fahey, DSc
SNM Vice-President Elec
Death and Debt for Diabetics
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| Fending Diabetes With Compassion http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2400/ |
My father is a diabetic, and so is his three other siblings. Since 1997 he has been in and out of almost six hospitals for a total of 31 times for various lengths of confinement. He died almost a week ago when all our resources were already drained, having been discharged only a two days prior to his last bout of critical illness.
We couldn’t have put him in the Intensive Care Unit because of the intense cost it requires. We barely have enough to put up front as “deposit” get him admitted. In the end I had to hold on to the Principle of Extraordinary Means.
As defined in the Catholic moral tradition, the principle holds that “one is obligated to preserve his or her own life by making use of ordinary means, but is under no obligation to use extraordinary means”. It is also called principle of proportionate/disproportionate means. Treatment has to be given and accepted when the means is proportionate. One is no longer obligated to undergo the treatment once it constitutes a disproportionate means.
To judge whether it is proportionate or not is a personal decision with consideration of the economic, familial and social circumstances of the patient. Realistically, this is not base on any convenient list of proportionate and disproportionate treatments.
Proportionate or ordinary means should not be confused with ordinary care. Ordinary care constitutes non-medical nursing interventions. Ordinary or proportionate means are treatment that offers a reasonable hope of benefit and is not too burdensome for the patient or others. Again, to consider it not too burdensome has to be taken in the light of the expected benefits the treatment can afford the patient in contrast to the financial, familial and social circumstances.
As much as I wanted to extend the life of my father, the circumstances played in to consider his mortality. I had to ask a theologian friend to affirm me that my decision was moral and valid. He said that it is not my fault to make this because in the end the system failed us. The principle of justice in health care, that Aristotle described as “giving to each that which is his due”, is all the more elusive; perhaps owing to modernity and its complexity.
What Aristotle described is distributive justice. Oftentimes, the distribution of resources (confounding scarce at that) is oftentimes hinged on criteria that says nothing about noteworthy factors of the person or his/her needs. The question remains: Who has the right to healthcare? It is claimed by John Rawls that many of the inequalities we experience are a result of a “natural lottery” or “social lottery” for which the affected individual is not to blame. It is imperative then that society should treat this social malady for it to move healthily forward. Bono aptly writes that “where we live should not decide whether we live or whether we die”.
Friday, March 25, 2011
Green Medicine: A Healthy Alternative to Managed Healthcare
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| Green Medicine: Protecting the Environment http://farm1.static.flickr.com/156/ |
In recent years going organic has become a healthy option of choice for many. Many establishments have caught on the green bandwagon. On one hand, it cannot be denied that the campaign for the environment have raised consciousness of many people that choosing the green bag over the plastic wrappers appears healthier for the environment.
The long-term impacts of initiatives that are branded as “green” have yet to be seen. The consequence of doing otherwise is simply unimaginable.
Presently, the consequence of unhealthy practices of pharmaceutical companies and physicians are significantly damaging the environment all over the world. In Europe and the United States, more than 100 different types of drugs and their metabolites are present in lakes and other bodies of water.
According to the Environmental Health News in 2007, estrogenic compounds in treated sewage water may create exposure risks in drinking water. After being carried by sewage (estero), the estrogenic contaminants can seep into rivers and in turn contaminate drinking waters. (Estrogens are hormones present in large quantity among women and are also synthetically created as contraceptive pills.)
In Canada, the Saskatoon StarPhoenix reported that the frogs are dying. The report also considered the combination of habitat destruction and increased exposure to harmful ultraviolet rays and pesticides as contributory factors to the significantly declining frog population. According to the report, scientific evidence point to a common drug taken by millions of women: the birth control pill.
In its September 2007 issue, the Environmental Health News reported findings noted in experiments concerning synthetic estrogen used by women causing varied effects on fishes (minnows) most notable when these drugs are mixed with wastewater effluent.
The source country of developing countries such as the Philippine government’s parallel drug importation scheme—India--have controversies concerning its pharmaceutical practices. The Science News published in 2007 an article detailing pharmaceutical companies discharging foul waters containing “astronomical amounts” of antibiotics and high concentrations of other drugs into a stream that feeds a major river.
In Wisconcin, United States, in order to clean up the Fox Valley rivers medications were being flushed down the drain. This has not only proven extensive and extensive but also dangerous to the environment which affected every member of the community.
Third-world countries such as the Philippines is beset with so many health care issues and concerns that looking beyond the immediate demands come as a bigger challenge. To see a future that is actually liveable for all rather than find means to make us live past the present so we may gain the privilege of living in the future remains visionary for the myopic sight of the healthcare system.
The greening of the American healthcare system demands a lot not just from the policymakers but also from the sick and healthy among the American public.
FDA Screens Food from Japan
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| Japanese Tuna Tatake http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2140/ |
As leakage of radioactive materials became evident, the United States Food and Drug Administration issued on March 24, Import Alert 99-33 or better labeled as "Detention Without Physical Examination of Products from Japan Due to Radionuclide Contamination".
On March 11, the pacific coast of Japan was hit by a massive earthquake of 8.9 magnitude with ensuing tsunami reported to be 30 feet high.
Massive infrastructure damage was noted and the most significant of which was the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant. The neighboring prefectures of Fukushima, Gunma Ibaraki, and Tochigi were most affected by the potential leakage of radioactive materials.
Concern regarding the spread to other countries of radioactive materials through the atmosphere was allayed by authorities. However, on March 19, the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare confirmed the presence of radioactive iodine contamination in dairy, fresh produce, and infant formula products.
A five-fold increase from acceptable radioactive iodine levels contaminated food products from Kawamata Town, Fukushima Prefecture and Ibaraki Prefecture---areas surrrounding the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant.
Radioactive iodine has a half life of eight days and decay naturally within weeks. However, when ingested the toxic materials can accumulate in the human body. Most affected are young people and children once exposed.
Although the prime minister of Japan ordered the stoppage of distribution and consumption of food from the affected prefectures, the United States government in collaboration with Japanese authorities have imposed measures to prevent the spread of contaminated food in US markets.
Thursday, March 24, 2011
Prevention and Public Health Fund for Americans
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| Behind the Window of the United States Public Health Office http://farm1.static.flickr.com/37/ |
According to the federal government website Healthcare.gov, the Prevention and Public Health Fund is designed to assist state and community efforts to prevent illness and promote health, so that all Americans can lead longer, more productive lives.
Social Justice: The Moral Foundations of Public Health and Health Policy
Considering that 7 out of 10 killer disease affecting Americans are chronic in nature, accounting for 75% of the nation's health spending and preventable if more actively pursued, the fund will address chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, stroke, and diabetes.
These diseases often afflict certain populations who use tobacco, abuse alcohol, have poor diet and are often physically inactive. If proven healthy lifestyle campaigns of even just $10 per American individual are directed towards strengthening preventive health care, Trust for America's Health estimates that a total of $16 billion can be saved every year.
Social Injustice and Public Health
A strong government through policy changes and earnest funding of important health measures will ensure accessibility to health care of all Americans and prevent depletion of the US talented workforce.
Public Health: What It Is and How It Works
Wednesday, March 23, 2011
Review of Aetna---a Health Insurance Operating in America
Aetna boasts of being one of the oldest health care insurance provider in America. Its long history of 158 years enabled it to diversify to competitive markets.
Understanding Health Insurance: A Guide to Billing and Reimbursement
The products of Aetna include dental, health care, pharmacy, group life, disability insurance and employee benefits that served a total of 35.3 million members worldwide. Of these, a published report of Aetna has the following cluster of membership:
18.468 million medical members
13.747 million dental members
9.415 million pharmacy members
In 2010 alone, Aetna earned a net income of $ 1.8 billion compared to $ 1.3 billion the previous year. Diverese sources of free can be gleaned from the following:
ActiveHealth Management
Aetna Capital Management
Aetna Global Benefits
Aetna Student Health
Medicity
Schaller Anderson
Strategic Resource Company
The most common concern of Aetna clients is the disparate quality customer service. Customers who came across such problems noted that they had been placed on hold for over an hour and directed to other "representatives" who never got to attend to their calls later.
It is remarkable to hear about all the comments concerning Aetna especially when placed in the light of its steady growth, product diversification and consumer-focused marketing strategy. With a good portion of its budget allocated for addressing consumer concerns, it is perplexing to think that it has shortage of human resource contracted to oversee its customer service relations.
The line that connects consumers, product subscribers/members of Aetna to the Company is perhaps one of the most valuable resource this company can foster.
The New Health Insurance Solution: How to Get Cheaper, Better Coverage Without a Traditional Employer Plan
Understanding Health Insurance: A Guide to Billing and Reimbursement
The products of Aetna include dental, health care, pharmacy, group life, disability insurance and employee benefits that served a total of 35.3 million members worldwide. Of these, a published report of Aetna has the following cluster of membership:
18.468 million medical members
13.747 million dental members
9.415 million pharmacy members
It has a strong and diverse referral network and employees. Aetna has more than 1 million health care professionals, more than 561,000 primary care doctors and specialists, more than 5,300 hospitals and a network of specialist physicians, recognized with Aexcel®
In 2010 alone, Aetna earned a net income of $ 1.8 billion compared to $ 1.3 billion the previous year. Diverese sources of free can be gleaned from the following:
ActiveHealth Management
Aetna Capital Management
Aetna Global Benefits
Aetna Student Health
Medicity
Schaller Anderson
Strategic Resource Company
The most common concern of Aetna clients is the disparate quality customer service. Customers who came across such problems noted that they had been placed on hold for over an hour and directed to other "representatives" who never got to attend to their calls later.
It is remarkable to hear about all the comments concerning Aetna especially when placed in the light of its steady growth, product diversification and consumer-focused marketing strategy. With a good portion of its budget allocated for addressing consumer concerns, it is perplexing to think that it has shortage of human resource contracted to oversee its customer service relations.
The line that connects consumers, product subscribers/members of Aetna to the Company is perhaps one of the most valuable resource this company can foster.
The New Health Insurance Solution: How to Get Cheaper, Better Coverage Without a Traditional Employer Plan
Monday, March 21, 2011
American Health Insurance Companies in Texas
This is a list of American health insurance companies operating in the state of Texas. 181 Insurance Agency | |
| 2000 Nsurance Concepts Agency Inc | |
| 360 Insurance Agency Inc | |
| Advantage Plan Insurance | |
| Aig Life Insurance Company | |
| Alamo Auto Insurance | |
| American General Corporation | |
| American General Corporation | |
| American General Life Insurance Company | |
| American General Life Insurance Company | |
| American Income Life Insurance Company Inc | |
| American National Insurance Company Inc | |
| Argonaut Group Inc | |
| Ben Spurgin Insurance Agency | |
| Campbell Leroy Insurance And Financial Services | |
| Cantrell Final Insurance | |
| Cave & Cheney Insurance | |
| Central United Life Insurance Company Inc | |
| Chicago Title Insurance Company | |
| Cl Scott Corporate Insurance Services Llc | |
| Clark Insurance Agency | |
| Crum & Forster Inc | |
| Crump Insurance Services Of Texas Inc | |
| Dale National Insurance Services Inc | |
| Daniel Marquez Insurance Agency | |
| David Webb Insurance Agency | |
| Desert West Insurance Agency Inc | |
| Dickie Deans Insurance & Investment Agency Inc | |
| Duncan Fraser & Bridges Insurance Agency Inc | |
| Eaton Insurance Agency | |
| El Paso Low Cost Auto Insurance | |
| Employee Benefit Associates Inc | |
| Estes & Cleveland Insurance | |
| First American Title Insurance Co | |
| First American Title Insurance Co | |
| Foster General Insurance Agency Inc | |
| Gant Paul Insurance Agent | |
| Gary Jimmy Insurance Agency | |
| General American Life Insurance Company | |
| George Ernst Insurance Agent | |
| Germania Insurance A Herring Agency By Gillette | |
| Germania Insurance Companies | |
| Golf Coast Insurance Inc | |
| Government Employees Insurance Company Inc | |
| Greenhaw Insurance Age Inc | |
| Group Warehouse Insurance Agency | |
| Guaranty Insurance Services Inc | |
| Guidestone Financial Resources Of The Southern Baptist Convention | |
| Guillot Rainey Insurance Agency Inc | |
| Hamman Group Insurance Service Inc | |
| Hcc Insurance Holdings Inc | |
| Hcc Insurance Holdings Inc | |
| Health Care Service Corporation A Mutual Legal Reserve Company | |
| Healthcare Recovery Alliance Corporation | |
| Healthmarkets Inc | |
| Highlands Insurance Group Inc | |
| Houston Insurance Premium Carriers | |
| Innovative Financial Strategy | |
| Insurance Adjuster Of Amarillo | |
| Insurance Innovations & Servic | |
| Integrity Insurance Agency | |
| International E & S Insurance | |
| International Gateway Insurance Brokers | |
| Jesse A Arzate Insurance Agency | |
| Joe L Simmons Insurance Agency | |
| Johnson Stormy Ins & Financial Services Inc | |
| Justin H Masters Insurance Agency Llc | |
| Karen Ohara Insurance Agency | |
| Kesserling Financial & Insurance Service | |
| Lincoln National Life Insurance Company | |
| Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company | |
| Maverick Insurance | |
| Metro Title Company Of Tarrant County Inc | |
| Monas Insurance Agency & Nota | |
| National Security Life And Accident Insurance Company | |
| Nationwide Luna Insurance Agency | |
| New Era Enterprises Inc | |
| New Era Life Insurance Company | |
| New Triumph Healthcare Llp | |
| Northside Insurance Agency | |
| Northwestern Mutual Insurance | |
| Onestop Auto Insurance Agency Llc | |
| Owens Doug Investments & Insurance | |
| Pan American Insurance Agency | |
| Pantusa Pat Nationwide Mutual Insurance Agency | |
| Paragon Independent Insurance | |
| Patrick Coven Insurance Agency | |
| Patterson Insurance & Financial Services | |
| Philadelphia American Life Insurance Company Inc | |
| Preferred Personal Insurance Agencyllp | |
| Property Owners Purchasing Group | |
| Pyramid Life Insurance Company | |
| Reed Forrest H Insurance And Financial Services | |
| Replacement Source Of America Inc | |
| Richard Kelsheimer Insurance | |
| Ricketts Insurance Offices | |
| Roy Mckay Insurance Agency | |
| Sam Rendon Insurance Agency | |
| Shane Ferrell Insurance Agency | |
| Southwestern Financial Services Corporation | |
| Specialty Insurance Managers Inc | |
| State Mutual Insurance Company Wesley Reed Agency | |
| Stewart Information Services Corporation | |
| Suretec Financial Corp | |
| Texas Life Insurance J B Mann Cfp | |
| Texas Mutual Insurance Company | |
| The Western & Southern Life Insurance Company | |
| Tony Ramos Insurance Agency | |
| Torchmark Corporation | |
| Trailblazer Health Enterprises Llc | |
| Transamerica Occidental Life Insurance Company | |
| Tri Star Insurance Professionals Inc | |
| United American Insurance Company | |
| United Services Automobile Association | |
| University Of Texas Medical Branch At Galveston | |
| University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center At Dallas | |
| Variable Annuity Life Insurance Company | |
| Variable Annuity Life Insurance Company | |
| Wlls Fargo Insurance Services Of Texas |
American Health Insurance Companies
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| Come Sit, Tell Me About America http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3214/ |
This is a list of major health insurance companies operating in the United States that individual American citizen can contract.
AARP
Aetna
American Family Insurance
American National Insurance Company
Amerigroup
Anthem Blue Cross and Blue Shield
Assurant
Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association
Celtic Insurance Company, subsidiary of Centene Corporation
Centene Corporation
Cigna
Coventry Health Care
EmblemHealth
Fortis
Golden Rule Insurance Company
Group Health Cooperative
GHI
Health Net
HealthMarkets
HealthSpring
Highmark
Humana
Independence Blue Cross
Kaiser Permanente
LifeWise Health Plan of Oregon
Medical Mutual of Ohio
Molina Healthcare
Premera Blue Cross
Principal Financial Group
The Regence Group
Shelter Insurance
Thrivent Financial for Lutherans
UnitedHealth Group
Unitrin
Universal American Corporation
WellCare Health Plans
WellPoint
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